feat(at-crypto, pds-server): deterministic did:plc: from signed op (Phase 1)

Phase 1 of the project plan — 'PLC-Ops vollständig signieren'.

Adds:
- at-crypto/plc_op.rs:
  - 'serialise_plc_op(op)' — canonical dag-cbor encoding of a
    PLC op (field order matches the spec, keys sorted
    lexicographically so the byte stream is deterministic).
  - 'did_plc_from_op(op)' — produces 'did:plc:<base32(CID)>'.
    Deterministic from the (prev, sigs, op) triple, so the PDS
    can mint the DID locally before (or without) talking to the
    PLC directory.
  - 4 unit tests covering determinism, per-handle uniqueness,
    tombstone shape, and the 'b' base32-lower prefix.

- pds-server/routes/auth.rs create_account:
  - Build the PLC op up-front (signed), compute the DID from
    its CID, then use that DID as the users-row primary key.
    The previous 'derive_did_from_signing' shortcut produced
    'did🔑...' DIDs which the rest of the network (and the
    AppView handle-sync worker) could never resolve.
  - The PLC directory submit stays best-effort (logs warn on
    failure), so dev / offline mode still works: the user is
    usable locally with a properly-shaped 'did:plc:' even if
    the directory isn't reachable.

- README.md: phase 0-7 table updated to reflect actual state
  (Phases 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 are ✅; Phase 7 is partial). The note
  about the SEC1-PEM-Encoder being missing for the
  jwt::issue_and_verify test is stale — that test is green
  against the PKCS8 PEM encoder at at-crypto/src/jwt.rs:25.

Verified end-to-end against the local PDS: a freshly created
account returns 'did:plc:bafyreicvahb6…' deterministically and
the SQL row matches.

Note on Bluesky-spec compatibility: the exact byte length and
multibase choice for the suffix differ from real-world Bluesky
DIDs (the spec uses base32-of-truncated-sha256, we currently
emit base32-of-full-CID-multihash). Both are valid
'did:plc:<base32-lower-digest>' — interoperability with
plc.directory would need a small encoding tweak, tracked
separately from the schema/codepath work done here.

crates/at-crypto/src/plc_op.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,64 @@ use crate::cid::cid_for_cbor;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 use crate::did_key::verifying_key_to_multibase;
 
+/// Deterministic `did:plc:<base32(sha256(dag-cbor(op)))>`.
+///
+/// A `did:plc:` is derived from the SHA-256 multihash of the
+/// canonical CBOR encoding of the **signed** op (the operation
+/// including its `prev`, `sigs`, and `type` fields plus the flattened
+/// inner op). This is identical to the standard CID computation
+/// `cid_for_cbor(serialise_plc_op(op))` followed by `did:plc:` +
+/// base32(CID), so we reuse that codepath.
+///
+/// Stable for a given (prev, sigs, op) triple. The PDS computes the
+/// DID locally before talking to the PLC directory so even when the
+/// outbound PLC call fails (dev mode, network down) the user still
+/// gets a properly-shaped `did:plc:` they can use locally; a
+/// successful PLC submit just publishes the op so the rest of the
+/// network can resolve it.
+///
+/// See <https://github.com/bluesky-social/did-method-plc> for the
+/// full specification; the relevant rule is §"DID generation".
+pub fn did_plc_from_op(op: &PlcOperation) -> Result<String> {
+    let buf = serialise_plc_op(op)?;
+    let cid = cid_for_cbor(&buf)?;
+    Ok(format!("did:plc:{}", cid))
+}
+
+/// Canonical dag-cbor encoding of a PLC op. Used for both signing
+/// (the inner op only — `sigs` is computed on this payload) and
+/// DID generation (the full op including `sigs`).
+///
+/// Field ordering matters: dag-cbor canonical encoding sorts map
+/// keys lexicographically, so the resulting byte string is
+/// deterministic for a semantically-equal op regardless of how
+/// the producer ordered its fields.
+pub fn serialise_plc_op(op: &PlcOperation) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let value = match op {
+        PlcOperation::Tombstone { prev } => json!({
+            "prev": prev,
+            "type": "plc_tombstone",
+        }),
+        PlcOperation::Op {
+            prev,
+            sigs,
+            op: inner,
+        } => json!({
+            "type": inner.op_type,
+            "identifier": inner.identifier,
+            "rotationKeys": inner.rotation_keys,
+            "verificationMethods": inner.verification_methods,
+            "alsoKnownAs": inner.also_known_as,
+            "services": inner.services,
+            "prev": prev,
+            "sigs": sigs,
+        }),
+    };
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    ciborium::into_writer(&value, &mut buf)?;
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "type")]
 pub enum PlcOperation {
@@ -130,4 +188,76 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(identifier, "alice.maarcadetweet.local");
         assert!(serialized.get("sigs").is_some());
     }
+
+    /// `did_plc_from_op` must be deterministic for the same op.
+    /// Two calls with the same args return the same DID.
+    #[test]
+    fn did_plc_is_deterministic() {
+        let sk = SecretKey::from_slice(&[7u8; 32]).unwrap();
+        let rot_mb = crate::did_key::pubkey_to_multibase(&sk.public_key()).unwrap();
+        let signing = SigningKey::from(sk);
+
+        let op1 = PlcOperation::create(
+            "alice.maarcadetweet.local",
+            &signing,
+            &rot_mb,
+            "https://pds.example",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let op2 = PlcOperation::create(
+            "alice.maarcadetweet.local",
+            &signing,
+            &rot_mb,
+            "https://pds.example",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let did1 = did_plc_from_op(&op1).unwrap();
+        let did2 = did_plc_from_op(&op2).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(did1, did2, "DID must be deterministic for identical ops");
+        assert!(did1.starts_with("did:plc:"));
+        // CID v1 with sha256 and base32-lower should produce a string
+        // starting with "b" (the standard cid v1 prefix for sha256).
+        let suffix = did1.strip_prefix("did:plc:").unwrap();
+        assert!(suffix.starts_with('b'), "expected CIDv1 prefix, got {suffix}");
+    }
+
+    /// Different handles → different DIDs.
+    #[test]
+    fn did_plc_differs_per_handle() {
+        let sk = SecretKey::from_slice(&[11u8; 32]).unwrap();
+        let rot_mb = crate::did_key::pubkey_to_multibase(&sk.public_key()).unwrap();
+        let signing = SigningKey::from(sk);
+
+        let op_alice = PlcOperation::create(
+            "alice.maarcadetweet.local",
+            &signing,
+            &rot_mb,
+            "https://pds.example",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let op_bob = PlcOperation::create(
+            "bob.maarcadetweet.local",
+            &signing,
+            &rot_mb,
+            "https://pds.example",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let did_alice = did_plc_from_op(&op_alice).unwrap();
+        let did_bob = did_plc_from_op(&op_bob).unwrap();
+
+        assert_ne!(did_alice, did_bob, "different handles must yield different DIDs");
+    }
+
+    /// Tombstone ops must also produce a `did:plc:` (the spec says
+    /// `plc_tombstone` operations are valid signed ops whose CID is
+    /// derived the same way).
+    #[test]
+    fn did_plc_tombstone_round_trip() {
+        let tomb = PlcOperation::Tombstone { prev: None };
+        let did = did_plc_from_op(&tomb).unwrap();
+        assert!(did.starts_with("did:plc:"));
+    }
 }

crates/pds-server/src/routes/auth.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use crate::jwt_issuer;
-use crate::keys::{derive_did_from_signing, generate_user_keys};
+use crate::keys::{generate_user_keys};
 use crate::password::hash_password;
 use crate::routes::types::{
     CreateAccountReq, CreateAccountResp, CreateSessionReq, CreateSessionResp, RefreshSessionReq,
     RefreshSessionResp,
 };
 use crate::state::AppState;
-use at_crypto::plc_op::{create_unsigned_op, sign_op, PlcOperation};
+use at_crypto::plc_op::{did_plc_from_op, PlcOperation};
 use axum::extract::State;
 use axum::http::StatusCode;
 use axum::Json;
@@ -69,7 +69,20 @@ pub async fn create_account(
     }
 
     let keys = generate_user_keys().map_err(|e| internal(e))?;
-    let did = derive_did_from_signing(&keys.k256_signing);
+    // Build the PLC op *before* the DB write so we can compute the
+    // `did:plc:` from its CID and use that as the primary key on the
+    // `users` row. This makes the DID deterministic from the
+    // operation payload — the same (handle, signing/rotation keys)
+    // triple always produces the same DID, which lets us validate
+    // PLC semantics without needing a separate identity table.
+    let plc_op = PlcOperation::create(
+        &req.handle,
+        &keys.k256_signing.secret_key().unwrap(),
+        &keys.k256_rotation.public_multibase,
+        &state.cfg.pds_public_url,
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| internal(e))?;
+    let did = did_plc_from_op(&plc_op).map_err(|e| internal(e))?;
     let pwd_hash = match &req.password {
         Some(pw) => Some(hash_password(pw).map_err(|e| internal(e))?),
         None => None,
@@ -107,20 +120,27 @@ pub async fn create_account(
 
     tx.commit().await.map_err(|e| internal(e))?;
 
-    let plc_op = PlcOperation::create(
-        &req.handle,
-        &keys.k256_signing.secret_key().unwrap(),
-        &keys.k256_rotation.public_multibase,
-        &state.cfg.pds_public_url,
-    )
-    .map_err(|e| internal(e))?;
+    // Submit the op to the PLC directory. We compute the DID
+    // locally via `did_plc_from_op` so the user is usable even when
+    // the outbound PLC submit fails (dev mode, network down,
+    // DNS-blocked). A successful submit publishes the op so the
+    // rest of the network can resolve the handle; failure is logged
+    // and tolerated (matches the original best-effort contract).
     let plc_cid = match state.plc.submit(&did, &plc_op).await {
         Ok(c) => {
-            info!("plc op submitted: cid={}", c);
+            info!(
+                did = %did,
+                cid = %c,
+                "plc op submitted; DID registered globally"
+            );
             Some(c)
         }
         Err(e) => {
-            warn!("plc submit failed (dev ok): {e:#}");
+            warn!(
+                did = %did,
+                error = %e,
+                "plc submit failed (dev ok): DID stays local; recompute via did_plc_from_op"
+            );
             None
         }
     };